Move chart to possess participant choice. Within this study, we measured the fresh urinary Na/K proportion and you may BP in the several,890 professionals (84% of people was in fact out of 2017) for two many years. Ultimately, a dozen,877 professionals was indeed examined
Na/K ratio
Tome Area requested members to get its pee examples after awakening am. The brand new urinary Na/K ratio are mentioned having fun with an excellent urinary Na/K proportion-calculating device titled HEU-001F (OMRON Health care Co., Ltd., Kyoto, Japan) (Secondary Fig. 1). The monitor instantly suggestions urinary Na/K proportion dimensions. A public nursing assistant counted the fresh new Na/K ratio throughout the spot pee samples of the participants having fun with the machine, registered the value, and you may provided instantaneous viewpoints to your people regarding your mentioned well worth also explanatory point about the relationship amongst the urinary Na/K proportion and BP (Supplementary Fig. 2). Tome City performs health check-ups when you look at the each region on a yearly basis out-of Can get to Sep. Hence, members have their urinary Na/K ratio measured meanwhile both in 2017 and you can 2018.
Other measurements
Information regarding other specifications is actually obtained from the checkup study out of Tome Town. Both fat and the body top was basically mentioned for the wellness checkup. Body mass index was determined since the weight (kg)/peak 2 (meters dos ). BP are counted twice because of the an experienced societal wellness nurse. Since wellness checkup data provided by Tome City merely provided the lower BP measurement of these two BP measurement values, we can only is this worthy of inside our research. Hypertension was identified as systolic BP (SBP) ? 140 mmHg or diastolic BP (DBP) ? 90 mmHg and you can/and/or the means to access antihypertensive therapy. Information on alcohol intake was received because of the a questionnaire. I determined new liquor intake each week as follows: i increased brand new volume out-of alcohol consumption (every single day = seven, possibly = step three.5, and no habitual ingesting = 0) and you will amount of liquor consumed one event (0–step one drink = 0.5, 1–2 beverages = 1.5, 2–step three products = 2.5, and you will step 3 drinks or even more = 3) and you may divided the item of the 7. One to drink in Japan represents 23 grams regarding ethanol. Studies on entry to all forms of diabetes procedures and you may cure for heart state was indeed thinking-reported regarding the health checkup research.
Regarding information about the aid of diabetes cures, professionals picked one to solution throughout the following answers: huggle premium (a) a track record of diabetic issues, (b) not as much as way to all forms of diabetes mellitus, otherwise (c) access to diabetic issues cures. People that replied (c) had been categorized since the “profiles out of all forms of diabetes cures,” while those who responded which have (a) otherwise (b) or otherwise not applicable was categorized since “someone else.” For information on the therapy for cardiovascular disease, members chosen one to alternative on following the answers: (a) enjoys a track record of cardiovascular illnesses or (b) undergoing treatment to possess heart problems. People who replied (b) was basically categorized just like the “being treated having cardiovascular illnesses,” while people who responded which have (a) or not appropriate had been categorized once the “anyone else.”
Analytical study
To compare the difference between participants who attended health checkups both in 2017 and 2018 and those who attended health checkups only in 2017, we used the t-test for continuous variables and the chi-square test for categorical variables. For each year, we compared the baseline characteristics according to the urinary Na/K ratio level. Moreover, we analyzed the relationship between the urinary Na/K ratio and hypertension adjusted for age, sex, BMI, alcohol intake, use of diabetes medication, and treatment for heart disease. For longitudinal data, we assessed the relationship between change in urinary Na/K ratio and BP change using multiple regression analyses adjusted for age, sex, BMI change, and alcohol intake. In both cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses, we stratified the data according to the use of antihypertensive medication. We further added SBP or DBP in 2017 as a covariate. Furthermore, we analyzed the BP difference according to the urinary Na/K ratio quartile in 2017. To examine the effect of BP due to temperature, we acquired past temperature data from the Japan Meteorological Agency in 2017 and 2018 . We considered P < 0.05 as statistically significant.