With the very first area, for every single blend of predictors try checked-out three times, using the three human body specifications since response parameters. I modelled the effects out-of “months” and you can “locations” (i.e. apiary ID) on the size measurement and on the coefficient away from variation (CoV). We looked at the end result off weeks once the a very important factor and possess as the a covariate for the separate designs. Alot more truthfully, when analysis weeks because the the one thing, i tested for a big change in proportions specifications between any of the days, while whenever testing months while the a good covariate, i examined to possess an over-all pattern (boost or decrease) across the months. On top of that, i examined the consequences regarding nest dimensions and of if a great colony swarmed for the independent patterns because suggestions try available only having a great subset of your own territories. We experienced territories having swarmed immediately following swarming occurred and you can in addition to whenever they was broke up to avoid sheer swarming (performed on the visibility regarding swarm tissue). To check whether or not swarming influenced looks dimensions dimensions, i compared the body proportions about day ahead of swarming so you can specifications removed the 3 following weeks.
Hence, new dating involving the parts of the body try comparable throughout three places
Regarding 2nd region, we made use of LMEs to check whether or not the waggle work with lifetime of bees regarding a colony try connected to the mediocre head dimensions away from bees off you to colony. For the last region, LMEs have been performed to test when the waggle manage cycle expressed by the a dancer try synchronised towards the head thickness of the identical performer.
Performance
The three body measurements were highly correlated (LME; head-wing ? 2 1 = , P < 0.0001; head-leg ? 2 1 = , P < 0.0001; wing-leg ? 2 1 = , P < 0.0001). There was no interaction with location (LME; head-wing ? 2 2 = 2.1167, P = 0.347; head-leg ? 2 2 = 1.5043, P = 0.471342; wing-leg ? 2 2 = 1.6048, P = 0.4483). Our results also indicated that the relationship between the leg width and the head width was allometric (slope = 2.2, CI 2.09–2.3), as well as the relationship between the leg width and the forewing length (slope = 2.08, CI 1.99–2.18). The relationship between the head width and forewing length was isometric (slope = 1.05, CI 1–1.09).
Using month as a factor, a significant interaction was found between the months and the locations for each body part (head ? 2 fourteen = 55.5, P = <0.0001; wing ? 2 14 = 27.5, P = 0.0164; leg ? 2 14 = , P < 0.0001). Thus, the change in size during the season differed between locations. More precisely, the two apiaries in Lausanne show highly significant differences of bee size between the months (see Table I). This is not the case for the apiary in Liebefeld (except for the leg measurements, Table I). To explore the temporal effects further, we used month as covariate to test if there was a tendency of bees to increase in size during the study period. We found that the three body measurements significantly increased over the months (LME; head ? 2 1 = , P < 0.0001; wing ? 2 1 = , P = 0.0007; leg ? 2 1 = 7.1524, P = 0.007) (Figure 2). Subsequent analyses, exploring general patterns over the months, found no interaction between the month and the location date me sign up (head ? 2 2 = 1.8578, P = 0.395; wing ? 2 2 = 4.9916, P = 0.082; leg ? 2 2 = 1.012, P = 0.603).
Lead width (a), forewing duration (b) and hind toes width (c) split by the apiaries and also by weeks. Box plots toward remaining depict Liebefeld apiary (Liebefeld), among show the fresh patio apiary within the Lausanne (Terrace) and on the proper represent brand new rooftop apiary when you look at the Lausanne (Roof). The brand new packets imply the knowledge within 25 and you may 75 % quartiles such as the median (black colored range); this new whiskers represent the minimum and restriction philosophy, outliers omitted (illustrated of the open sectors).