Yet not, the general evidence is actually unconvincing. Small-size and you will useless weight-loss testing are among the limits off the earlier epidemiological degree, as eating plan centered on just one twenty four-hour bear in mind was utilized so you’re able to expect coronary attack frequency more than an effective several-, step one sixteen-, 2 or 20-12 months period. cuatro This dietary comparison decreases the power to to change to own use regarding other food stuffs otherwise nutrition that can explain the inverse associations stated. eleven To conquer it limit, we addressed this new theory that large potassium consumption decreases the exposure out-of stroke for the a massive cohort of men which finished a beneficial outlined and you may confirmed semiquantitative restaurants regularity survey at the standard and you will was in fact accompanied right up to possess 8 decades. Likewise, i checked-out this new contacts anywhere between likelihood of coronary attack and intakes off dietary fiber, magnesium, and calcium, which are synchronised with intake out of potassium and might feel relevant to help you danger of heart attack.
Population
The Health Professionals Follow-up Study began in 1986, when 51 529 health professionals 40 to 75 years old 12 completed a 131-item food-frequency questionnaire and provided information about medical history and lifestyle. Follow-up questionnaires were sent every 2 years to update information on potential risk factors and to identify newly diagnosed cases of stroke and other diseases. We excluded from analysis 1595 men who did not satisfy the a priori criteria of daily caloric intake between 800 and 4200 kcal and <70 blanks out of 131 total listed food items. In addition, we excluded men with prior diagnosis of myocardial infarction, angina, coronary artery surgery, stroke, transient ischemic attack, peripheral arterial disease, or diabetes. The average response rate for the 2-year follow-up cycles was >94%. Nonresponding participants not matched to the National Death Index were assumed to be alive.
Testing out-of Dieting and Almost every other Visibility Parameters
The latest 1986 questionnaire inquired about mediocre volume regarding intake inside earlier in the day seasons regarding specified servings out of 131 ingredients and use off vitamin and mineral supplements. Mineral computations grabbed into consideration the particular types of morning meal cereal and you will vitamins advertised by the for every subject. We plus inquired about entry to particular medicine off potassium and magnesium (except that multivitamins). We assumed the degree of potassium during these specific pills to help you become step 1 grams/d and therefore away from magnesium 0.step 3 grams/d, given that information about dosages weren’t questioned from the survey. We reviewed brand new validity of your own questionnaire within the a haphazard shot from 127 males just who complete a couple step one-few days diet plan details. 13 The latest correlations between your 2 tests out of intake, energy-adjusted and you can fixed getting within this-person variation regarding diet records, was 0.65 getting potassium, 0.64 to own fibre, 0.66 to have magnesium lonely women looking for men, and you will 0.53 having calcium supplements. In addition to diet plan, into the 1986, people was basically asked so you can declaration the typical systolic and diastolic blood tension and you can if they got physician-detected hypertension. New authenticity of those details could have been recorded before. 14
Times
Prevent activities was fatal and you may nonfatal strokes happening amongst the go back of standard survey and January 31, 1994. People revealing a situation heart attack toward a follow-up questionnaire had been asked for consent to examine scientific facts. Shots was in fact verified in the event the characterized by a routine neurologic defect off sudden or rapid start, long-term ?24 hours and you will attributable to an effective cerebrovascular event. Shots caused by problems or neoplasia was basically omitted. Product reviews had been presented of the physicians without knowing new subjects’ exposure grounds standing. Shots were subclassified depending on the requirements of Federal Questionnaire from Heart attack as because of ischemia (embolism or thrombosis), subarachnoid hemorrhage, intracerebral hemorrhage, or not familiar end in. 15 If the zero records might be received, shots had been noticed probable whenever they requisite hospitalization and you can have been corroborated by more information provided with letter or interviews.