The brand new Wilcox process identified around three cases of extreme convergence for the regression contours to possess maxillary KT (Desk 2)

For log_ten bite force, the regression line of each facultative cleaner intersected those of one to four non-cleaner species (Table 2). ₁₀ body lengths of 1.78±0.00nine2 (mean ± s.d.). This indicated that overlap in bite force did not occur until both species reached a body length of ± mm (Fig. 1C).

The regression line of each facultative cleaner intersected those of one to five non-cleaner species. The regions of overlap began at log₁₀ body lengths of 2.05±0.13 (mean ± s.d.), indicating that overlap did not occur until species reached body lengths of ± mm (Fig. 1D).

For all of the above traits, with the exception of maxillary KT, the log₁₀ body lengths at which data overlap began (identified by the Wilcox procedure) were similar. To understand whether facultative cleaners and non-cleaners converged at critical body sizes that correspond to juvenile or adult color phases, we conducted a post hoc analysis. We used a two-sample t-test of means to compare the body lengths of the largest specimens with juvenile color patterns in facultative cleaners with those in non-cleaners. We found no significant difference in these body lengths between facultative cleaner and non-cleaner species (t₉=?0.78, P=0.46). Our recorded range of body lengths for specimens with juvenile coloration patterns and those with adult coloration patterns is shown in supplementary material Table S6. The body lengths of the largest juvenile-colored specimen in each facultative cleaner species was ±3.12 mm (mean ± s.d.), while the body length of the largest juvenile-colored non-cleaner specimen was ±4.78 mm.

Examining styles inside the bite force

Our multiple regression analysis captured a large amount of the variation in bite force for each species (adjusted R 2 =0.93–0.99, all P<0.00001). In general, the log₁₀ mass of the A2 or A3 muscle had the largest correlation-adjusted correlation (CAR) score, revealing that these variables contribute the greatest to bite force in both facultative cleaners and non-cleaners (Table 3). In two cases (corresponding to T. hardwicke, a non-cleaner, and T. pavo, a facultative cleaner), the fiber length of the A3 muscle had the highest CAR score. We thus found that ontogenetic changes to muscle sizes generally contributed more strongly to the ontogenetic patterns in bite force than did changes in the mechanical advantage associated with either muscle. Using MANOVA, we found no significant differences between the CAR scores of all six variables according to the category (facultative cleaner versus non-cleaner) to which species belonged (Wilk’s ?_six,4=0.54, P=0.74).

The latest allometric activities of every of one’s half a dozen attributes we used about several regression analyses is actually represented in the Fig. dos (see together with second thing Fig. S2 for types-specific designs). The newest ontogenetic habits out of recurring mechanical virtue to the A2 and the newest A3 looks varied extensively round the varieties (Fig. 2A,B). Mountains ranged of ?0.a dozen so you’re able to 0.16 towards the previous and you can out of ?0.twenty two to 0.twenty-five on the second (secondary matter Dining tables S7 and you may S8).

Scaling of muscle sizes and mechanical advantage in all 11 species. The following traits are shown plotted against log₁₀ body length: (A) residual mechanical advantage (MA) of the A2 muscle, (B) residual mechanical advantage of the A3 muscle, (C) log₁₀ A2 mass, (D) log₁₀ A3 mass, (E) log₁₀ A2 fiber length, and (F) log₁₀ A3 fiber length. Solid, orange lines indicate regressions for facultative cleaner fishes; blue dashed lines indicate regressions for non-cleaner fishes.

Scaling of muscle sizes and mechanical advantage in all 11 species. The following traits are shown plotted against log₁₀ body length: (A) https://www.datingranking.net/tr/seniorpeoplemeet-inceleme residual mechanical advantage (MA) of the A2 muscle, (B) residual mechanical advantage of the A3 muscle, (C) log₁₀ A2 mass, (D) log₁₀ A3 mass, (E) log₁₀ A2 fiber length, and (F) log₁₀ A3 fiber length. Solid, orange lines indicate regressions for facultative cleaner fishes; blue dashed lines indicate regressions for non-cleaner fishes.