—–. 1989. Brand new Syntax and Semantics from Verb Morphology during the Modern Aramaic: A great Jewish Dialect regarding Iraqi Kurdistan. Western Oriental Collection, 69. The fresh new Haven: Western Chinese language Area.
Meehan, Charles, and you may Jacqueline Alon. 1979. New Son Whoever Tunic Stuck so you can Your: An excellent Folktale regarding the Jewish Neo-Aramaic Dialect off Zakho (Iraqi Kurdistan). Israel Chinese language Training nine:174-203.
Sabar, Yona. 1976. Lel-Huza: Story and Record for the a pattern regarding Lamentations to the Ninth off Ab regarding Jewish Neo-Aramaic Dialect away from Zakho. JSS -62.
—–. 1988. The book of Exodus from inside the Neo-Aramaic on the Dialect of the Jewish Area regarding Zakho [Hebrew]. Jerusalem: Magnes Drive.
Such half a dozen binyanim regarding Syriac were reduced in NENA to a couple of basic categories, with a 3rd directly allied into the next
Thomason, Sarah Grey, and you can Terrence Kaufman. 1988. Words Get in touch with, Creolization, and Hereditary Linguistics. Berkeley and you will La: Univ. regarding California Push.
The first class comes from the brand new peal, next group throughout the pael, in addition to 3rd, whose vocalism pursue compared to next, comes from the brand new afel
Another factor complicating the difficulty ‘s the differential has an effect on of your own individuals co-territorial languages. The fresh dialect distinctions within Kurdish are considerable, and to their perception shall be tracked a number of the version certainly NENA dialects. Instance, the fresh new Jewish Neo-Aramaic out-of Halabja, such as the Kurdish of city, will not identify a present and upcoming demanding, however, where Kurdish retains such as for instance a big change, therefore do Neo-Aramaic. In the Azerbaijan, Turkish enjoys exerted solid impact on brand new Jewish dialect (Garbell 1965b), as well as parship ekÅŸi the dialects of simple out-of Mosul show an effective determine from Arabic perhaps not viewed in other places.
Tkhuma (Tx): The words of descendants out-of emigrants from 1 of your own partial-independent ashirets off the southern part of Chicken, today citizen along side Khabur Area into the Syria. Info is out of Jacobi (1973) and my cards.
(5) Syriac had three basic verbal stems, the newest peal, the fresh pael, additionally the afel. To the were additional around three passive stems, shaped on earliest of these from the prefixation out of e[Theta]-: the new e[Theta]pael, the latest elizabeth[Theta]paal, and ettafal. This situation is obtainable while in the NENA. For the majority NENA languages, verbs tend to remain in the fresh verb groups in which they were used in prior to values of the vocabulary. Which is, this new descendant away from a beneficial Syriac peal verb will be an effective NENA Category I verb, and a Syriac pael verb would be a beneficial NENA Classification II verb: such, Urmi ptaxa ‘open’ away from prior to peal, and you may sadure ‘send’ away from before pael. Yet not, into the Jewish Azerbaijani, Halabja, and perhaps Koy Sanjaq, the category subscription could have been reorganized and that is predictable for the basis of the form of new stalk in the place of its historical source. Including, inside the Azerbaijani the newest C stalk contains the function CaCoC- having voice verbs, almost any the supply, and you may CCaC- for center-poor verbs: garosen ‘I have always been pulling’, however, kwasan ‘I (f.) have always been descending’ (Garbell 1965, 64).
(11) Another very high creativity when you look at the NENA ‘s the third individual copula which have l: ile ‘he is’, ila ‘she is’. This type will get obtain (Noldeke 1868, 203) regarding we[Theta] leh ‘he has’, but zero copula enjoy it is located additional NENA. The first and you can second individual don’t have an l, but within the Jewish Azerbaijani, the spot where the l might have been generalized from the paradigm: Jilu iwIt ‘you (masc.) are’, Aradhin i:winnings ‘I (masc.) am’, Azerbai big’ (Garbell 1965, 64). ile is situated during the NENA except when you look at the Halabja, with -(y)e: yarxa rahamim-ye ‘it ‘s the times off mercy’. Neither Turoyo neither Mandaic has actually models parallel so you’re able to ile: Turoyo harke-yo ‘he try here’, harke-zero ‘I was here’; Mandaic basim-ye ‘he is actually charming’, basim-na ‘I are charming’ (Macuch 1965, 443).
(19) The outdated Aramaic word to possess ‘son’, bra in the BT, might have been extended in all NENA except Hertevin because of the addition of your diminutive suffix -ona/-una: Azerbaijan Jewish brona (Garbell 1965, 297), Jilu bruna (Fox 1992, 51), Aradhin bru:na (Krotkoff 1982, 122), Tisqopa brona (Rubba, individual correspondence), Zakho brona (Meehan and you can Alon 1979, 177). not, one another Turoyo and Mandaic enjoys an epenthetic vowel, but zero suffix: Turoyo ?abro (Jastrow 1985, 221), and Mandaic eber or ebra (Macuch 1965, 520).
b) In some cases, Hertevin aligns which have Turoyo, up against the rest of NENA. They does not have good CCaCa expose demanding (6), does not have any sodir preterite (12), does not have any preposition ta (15), and you can spends ruh to make reflexive pronouns (14).
—–. 1965. Brand new Jewish Neo-Aramaic Dialect regarding Persian Azerbaijan: Linguistic Data and you will Folkloristic Messages. Janua Linguarum, collection practica step 3. Brand new Hague: Mouton.